Which principle focuses on justice in research involving human subjects?

The principle that focuses on justice in research involving human subjects is centered on ensuring fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research across different populations. This is often articulated as equity in participant selection. It emphasizes the importance of selecting participants in a way that does not exploit any particular group while ensuring that all groups are given equal opportunities to benefit from research.

Justice requires that vulnerable populations not bear an undue burden of risk while others benefit from the research conducted. This principle aims to prevent discrimination in research practices and ensures that the benefits of research are equitably shared among all groups involved.

The other options, while important aspects of ethical research, do not specifically pertain to justice in the same way. For instance, the protection of confidential information pertains more to the privacy and security of personal data, generalizability of research findings focuses on how applicable study results are to the broader population, and informed consent processes are about ensuring that participants fully understand and agree to the research involvement. None of these directly encapsulates the concept of justice as it pertains to treating all individuals fairly in the research context.