What should a reviewer do if they have a conflict of interest?

When a reviewer has a conflict of interest, the appropriate course of action is to disclose the conflict to the journal editor or grant agency. This is important because it maintains the integrity of the review process. A conflict of interest can arise from relationships that may bias the review, such as financial ties, personal relationships, or professional affiliations.

By disclosing the conflict, the reviewer allows the editor or agency to take appropriate steps, which may include assigning another reviewer who can provide an impartial assessment. Transparency is key in scholarly work, as it ensures that all parties can trust the review process. This practice is in line with ethical standards across academic publishing and funding allocations, which prioritize accountability and objectivity in the peer review process.