What does "minimal risk" mean in a research context?

In a research context, "minimal risk" refers to a situation where the likelihood and magnitude of harm or discomfort to participants is not greater than what they might ordinarily encounter in their daily lives. This definition is crucial because it helps to establish clear ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.

When researchers design studies, they are required to assess the potential risks to participants. If the risks are classified as minimal, it indicates that the research is designed to ensure participants are protected and that the burdens of participating do not exceed everyday risks. This is a foundational principle in ethical research, as it emphasizes the importance of prioritizing participant safety and well-being.

The other options reference higher levels of risk or discomfort, which would fall outside the bounds of what is considered minimal. By focusing on the everyday experiences of participants, the definition reinforces the idea that research should not expose individuals to unnecessary or unforeseen dangers, aligning with ethical standards in research practices.