What do researchers need to obtain from participants before involving them in studies?

Informed consent is a fundamental ethical requirement in research that involves human participants. This process ensures that participants are fully aware of the nature of the study, including its purposes, procedures, risks, and benefits. By obtaining informed consent, researchers make certain that individuals voluntarily agree to participate after understanding all relevant information.

This practice respects the autonomy of participants, allowing them to make knowledgeable decisions about their involvement in the research. It also protects their rights and welfare throughout the research process. Informed consent must be documented, often through a signed consent form, which serves as evidence that individuals have been properly informed and have agreed to participate.

While other options, such as university approval or agreements of confidentiality, may be important components of the research process, they do not encompass the direct agreement of the participant to take part in the study, which is the essence of informed consent. A legal contract specifying participation is also not sufficient on its own, as it might not provide the necessary information about the study and could undermine the voluntary nature of participation.