What defines a systematic review in research methodology?

A systematic review is defined by its methodical approach to synthesizing research studies that address a specific research question. This includes a comprehensive assessment of the quality of the studies included in the review. Researchers carefully select relevant studies based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, which helps ensure that the review is unbiased and robust. They assess various factors such as study design, sample size, and the applicability of the findings to the research question at hand.

The objective of a systematic review is to provide a thorough and objective summary of existing evidence, allowing for more informed conclusions that can guide practice, policy, or further research. By systematically gathering and analyzing data, researchers can identify patterns, gaps, and areas of consensus or disagreement within the literature.

In contrast, the other options do not encapsulate the systematic and critical nature of a systematic review. Random selection does not ensure comprehensive coverage or adherence to quality standards; a mere database of publications lacks evaluative interpretation; and surveying opinions reflects subjective views rather than an objective analysis of empirical evidence.