What characterizes "observational research"?

Observational research is characterized by the investigator observing subjects in their natural environment without intervening or manipulating any variables. This approach allows researchers to gather data about behaviors, events, or characteristics in real-time, providing a more authentic representation of the subjects' actions and interactions. By not interfering, the researcher aims to uncover insights and patterns that may not be evident through experimental methods.

This method is widely utilized across various fields, including social sciences, psychology, and public health, and can occur in natural or controlled settings, though it does not require strict laboratory conditions as suggested in one of the other choices. The emphasis on observation rather than manipulation is key, as it allows for the collection of qualitative data that is often rich and nuanced, offering valuable context to research findings.