In the context of research, what does "maleficence" refer to?

In the context of research, "maleficence" specifically refers to the ethical principle of not causing harm to participants. This principle highlights the importance of safeguarding the physical and psychological well-being of individuals involved in research studies. Researchers are obligated to minimize risks and avoid any actions that could negatively impact participants, prioritizing their safety and welfare throughout the research process.

Understanding maleficence is crucial in designing research protocols, as it guides researchers in assessing potential risks versus benefits and ensuring ethical standards are upheld. This principle also works in conjunction with the concept of beneficence, which emphasizes the need to actively promote participant welfare and the well-being of those involved in research, creating a balance between minimizing harm and maximizing benefits.

In contrast, choices discussing compensation for participation, promoting participant welfare, or reporting findings do touch on important ethical principles, but they do not directly relate to the concept of maleficence, which is solely concerned with preventing harm.