How can researchers uphold the principle of justice?

Upholding the principle of justice in research involves ensuring that all individuals have fair access to the benefits of research and that no specific group of people shoulders an unfair burden when it comes to the risks associated with research participation. This principle is grounded in the ethical obligation to handle the selection and representation of participants with care, ensuring that diverse populations are included and that vulnerable groups do not experience exploitation or exclusion.

By ensuring equitable selection and representation of participants, researchers demonstrate their commitment to justice, allowing for findings that can be generalized across various demographics and ensuring that the voices of marginalized groups are heard. This approach aims to create a fair distribution of both the benefits and the burdens of research across society.

The other options do not fully capture the scope of justice as it pertains to research ethics. For instance, relying solely on volunteer participants can unintentionally skew representation, as individuals who choose to participate may not reflect the broader population. Exclusive use of random sampling may not guarantee equitable access to underrepresented groups unless specifically designed with that goal in mind. Lastly, compensating participants equally regardless of their role does not address the need for fair representation and may ignore the varying contributions and risks associated with different participant groups. Hence, ensuring equitable selection and representation is the most comprehensive approach to