Falsification, as defined by U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, involves what action?

Falsification, according to U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, specifically refers to manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes or changing or omitting data or results in a way that misrepresents the research. This action compromises the integrity of the research's authenticity and reliability, thereby impacting the overall trustworthiness of the findings.

Manipulating research materials or processes can include altering data to fit a desired outcome, using materials inappropriately, or designing experiments in a biased manner to achieve the expected results. This type of misconduct not only undermines the credibility of the research but can also have significant ethical implications, as it misleads other researchers and the public.

Understanding this definition helps clarify the integrity standards expected in research and highlights why honest reporting and analysis of findings are crucial in the scientific community. Other choices reflect actions that do not fall under the specific definition of falsification. For example, recording data as collected and discussing findings with co-researchers are part of standard practice in research and do not involve deceitful manipulation. Incorrectly analyzing results may indicate a lack of understanding or skill, but it does not constitute falsification unless it is done intentionally to mislead.